Week 2 day 2: If I HAD THE WINGS OF AN ANGEL

Casting a furtive glance over his shoulder, the felon slipped out the main prison gate to be
swallowed up in the British fog. A plethora of escapes from supposedly secure prisons
embarrassed the hapless wardens. To compound their problems, the officials were badgered
by irate citizens who accused the guards of accepting bribes from convicts whose motto was:
“Stone walls do not a prison make, nor iron bars a cage.” 倒装句,最严密的监狱并非由石头墙或者铁栅栏构建而成

朗读视频:02.1100 Words you need to know - Week2 Day2 - If I Had the wings of an angel_哔哩哔哩_bilibili

Furtive

词性:adj.
音标:[ˈfɜrtɪv]
释义:鬼鬼祟祟的,贼头贼脑的,秘密的

If you’re looking for a formal adjective to describe something sly or secret, sneak in furtive. Let’s hope the teacher doesn’t see your furtive attempts to pass notes in class!

The adjective, furtive, is related to fūrtum, the Latin word for theft or robbery. This is apparent as the expressions “to give someone a furtive glance” and “to steal a glance at someone” mean the same thing. If a person’s manner is furtive, he or she is acting suspiciously. Secret, stealthy and sly are all similar in meaning, but they lack this image of a thief’s actions.


I saw one of the defendants make a furtive movement.


Try not to look so furtive,Harry.


l need to know if you’ve had strange men in your store… specifically men in their thirty buying feminist literature, acting angry, or furtive,or in any way out of the ordinary.


He’s furtively looking at my mother.

Felon

词性:n
音标: [ˈfɛlən]
释义:重罪犯;

Technically, a felon is anyone who’s been convicted of a serious crime, but you can use felon to describe anyone you think has done something terrible.

For a felon, it’s being paraded in handcuffs in front of the public that can be the worst part of being convicted. In some countries, you’re considered a felon simply because the king says that you are. Here in the U.S., though, you’re innocent until proven guilty, at which point people can call you a felon. My boyfriend took the dog, the TV, and my expensive French sauté pan after we broke up. If you ever run into the felon, please kick him in the shins, and tell him he’s a criminal.


Much of today’s hearing is hinging on the testimony of Ralph Myers, a convicted felon who was the key witness against McMillian in the original trial.


First degree, felony rape.


three pills, that’s felony weight.


We’re investigating a felony, Miss Demeanor.


Oh, that’s right. That’s felonious [fə’loʊnɪrs] assault. Search him, Brody.


I also want you to know… that I’m aware of both the incident in the student store… and your felonious possession of a concealed weapon.

plethora

词性:n.
音标: [ˈplɛθərə]
释义: 过多,过剩

Plethora means an abundance or excess of something. If you have 15 different people who want to take you on a date, you have a plethora of romantic possibilities.

Plethora comes from the Greek for “fullness.” Although it was originally used only in old-fashioned medicine to describe the condition of having too much blood, we use it to talk about any excessive supply. If you run a theater and all the seats are taken, that’s a full house. But if the seats are full and people are standing in the aisles, you have a plethora of patrons. The stress is on the first syllable: PLETH-uh-ruh.


Is anyone else disturbed by the plethora of left over poles and fabric?


We have a plethora of agents who have now reached this milestone.


We got a plethora of sandwiches for ya!


I HAVE A PLETHORA OF DIRTY LAUNDRY AND NOWHERE TO DO IT.

词性:adj.
音标: [ˈhæplɪs]
释义:倒霉的,不幸的

Use the adjective hapless to describe someone unlucky and deserving of pity, like the hapless car buyer who gives in to the fast-talking salesperson.

The word hapless traces all the way back to the Old Norse word happ, meaning “chance, good luck.” Combine this with the suffix -less (“lacking”) and hapless means “unlucky” or “ill-fated.” A traveler who goes to Moscow and briefly gets lost on the subway? Just a tourist. A traveler who goes to Moscow, accidentally eats food he is allergic to, somehow loses all his money, and by chance gets on a train destined for Mongolia? Definitely hapless.


He’s actually kind of sweet, in a hapless way.


So they grab two hapless kids and throw them in prison?


We prefer the term “Hapless victim.”

Pyrrhic victory 皮洛士式胜利

皮洛士(前319年至前272年)是伊庇鲁斯国王,罗马共和国称霸亚平宁半岛的主要敌人之一。前281年,位于意大利半岛底部的希腊城邦塔林敦因与罗马共和国开战,而向亚德里亚海对岸的伊庇鲁斯国王皮洛士求援。后者率领一支由2.5万名步兵和约20头战象组成的大军在意大利南部登陆。这是罗马人第一次面对来自意大利以外的外国军队。

前280年春,双方在赫拉克利亚战役中进行了第一次较量。战斗过程中,罗马军团的组织和战斗能力并不比对方的马其顿方阵逊色,因而抵挡住了对方的正面步兵进攻。而侧翼则是罗马人不擅长的骑兵对阵对方的骑兵及战象的凶猛冲击,刚一交战便抵挡不住溃败下去。失去侧翼保护的罗马军团伤亡惨重,伤亡7000人,被俘2000人。而皮洛士也付出了惨重的代价,伤亡约4000人。

前279年,双方又在阿斯库路姆附近开战。皮洛士依靠有利地形和战象的帮助再一次打败了罗马人。此役,罗马伤亡6000人,而皮洛士也再次付出了伤亡3550人的沉重代价,其中还包括他的一些重要将领及好友。

皮洛士在两次战役中都取得了胜利,而且伤亡也比罗马人少。但是罗马人能够在战斗结束后马上补充兵员,而海外作战的皮洛士却迟迟得不到兵力补充,故而两次胜利并未给罗马人以致命打击,罗马人士气依然高涨。相反,这样的胜利却为日后皮洛士的失败埋下了隐患。无怪乎,在阿斯库路姆战役后,当有人向皮洛士祝贺时,他不无伤心地说:“再来这样一次胜利,我自己也完了。”(希腊语:Ἂν ἔτι μίαν μάχην νικήσωμεν, ἀπολώλαμεν.)

由此,“皮洛士的胜利”也就成了代价惨重的胜利的代名词。虽然“皮洛士的胜利”通常都被用于战争。但是,它也被广泛应用于商业、政治、法律、体育等领域,用以形容类似的代价高昂的胜利。

We define Pyrrhic victory as “a victory that is not worth winning because so much is lost to achieve it.” The word comes from the name of Pyrrhus, a long-ago king of Epirus, who suffered heavy losses in defeating the Romans at Asculum in Apulia in 279 B.C.E.

You may occasionally encounter Pyrrhic used without being followed by victory ; in such cases it still carries the meaning of “achieved at excessive cost.”


That is precisely the kind of Pyrrhic victory


Is a pyrrhic victory really a win? look, little lady don’t you “little lady” me.


You afraid it might be some kind of Pyrrhic victory?

@Chatbot 你是一个英语教学的大师,你会用通俗易懂的方式给学生讲解各类英语知识,现在请你给我解释下上面帖子中我着重讲解的单词,介绍下这些单词在正式文书和口语中的各类含义,各举几个地道,自然的例子。介绍下这些单词的来历,以及我如何才能记住这些单词呢?

当然,以下是对上面帖子中着重讲解的单词的详细解释,包括它们在正式文书和口语中的各类含义、实际例子、来历和记忆方法:

1. Furtive (鬼鬼祟祟的,秘密的)

词性:形容词
音标:[ˈfɜrtɪv]

正式文书中的含义:形容某人的行为暗中进行,企图不被发现。
口语中的含义:形容某人偷偷摸摸的样子,通常带有贬义。

例句

  • Formal: The detective noticed the suspect’s furtive movements in the crowded marketplace.
  • Informal: Don’t be so furtive; it’s obvious you’re trying to hide something.

来历Furtive 来源于拉丁语 fūrtum(偷窃),因此它与偷偷摸摸的行为紧密相关。

记忆方法:记住“furtive”可以联想到“theft”(偷窃),两者在字母上相似,且都涉及秘密行为。

2. Felon (重罪犯)

词性:名词
音标:[ˈfɛlən]

正式文书中的含义:被判犯有严重罪行的人。
口语中的含义:常用来指犯有重大罪行的人,含有较强的贬义。

例句

  • Formal: The court convicted him as a felon for the armed robbery.
  • Informal: I can’t believe he’s hanging out with known felons.

来历Felon 源于拉丁语 folio(欺骗、恶意),后来在古法语中演变为 felon,意指恶人或罪犯。

记忆方法:记住“felon”可以联想到“fell” (倒下) + “on”,表示“被击倒的人”,即罪犯。

3. Plethora (过多,过剩)

词性:名词
音标:[ˈplɛθərə]

正式文书中的含义:表示某物过多或过剩。
口语中的含义:同样表示太多了,通常带有某种强调或夸张的成分。

例句

  • Formal: The report indicated a plethora of data that overwhelmed the analysts.
  • Informal: We have a plethora of snacks for the party; no need to bring more!

来历Plethora 源于希腊语 plēthore(充满),最早用于医学,描述血液过多的状态。

记忆方法:把“plethora”拆分为“plenty”(很多) + “more”(更多),表示过多的意思。

4. Hapless (倒霉的,不幸的)

词性:形容词
音标:[ˈhæplɪs]

正式文书中的含义:表示某人非常不幸。
口语中的含义:常用来形容某人很倒霉或者运气很差,带有同情的意味。

例句

  • Formal: The hapless victims of the disaster were given immediate aid.
  • Informal: That guy is so hapless; he missed the bus right after losing his wallet.

来历Hapless 结合了 Old Norse 词汇 “happ”(运气)和后缀 “-less”(没有),意为没有运气。

记忆方法:Hapless 可以联想为“happy less”,没有快乐,这样就很容易记住它的意思了。

5. Pyrrhic Victory (皮洛士式胜利,得不偿失的胜利)

词性:短语

正式文书中的含义:表示获得胜利的代价太高,得不偿失。
口语中的含义:通常用来形容那些取得了胜利但损失惨重的情况。

例句

  • Formal: The manager’s restructuring plan resulted in a Pyrrhic victory, as many employees chose to leave.
  • Informal: Winning that argument was a Pyrrhic victory; now she’s mad at me.

来历:来自古希腊伊庇鲁斯国王皮洛士的名字,他多次战胜罗马军队,但伤亡惨重,最终导致失败。

记忆方法:“Pyrrhic” 可以联想到“physical”,因为这种胜利通常伴随着重大的身体和心理损失。


总结记忆技巧

  1. 关联法:将单词与相关的意思和词根联系,如 furtive 与 theft 关联。
  2. 造句使用:在心里或者笔记中用这些单词造句,帮助加深印象。
  3. 图像记忆:联想单词的意思和相关图像或者场景,有助于增强记忆力。
  4. 重复练习:多次复习这些单词和例句,使用闪卡等工具进行反复记忆。

通过以上方法,相信你能够更好地掌握这些单词并在实际应用中熟练运用。